Kungani ukwehlisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo kungakwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yokukhathala yokuthwala insimbi? Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa, kukholelwa ukuthi isizathu siwukuthi ngemva kokunciphisa inani le-oxide inclusions, i-sulfide eyengeziwe iba yinto engathandeki ethinta impilo yokukhathala kwensimbi. Kuphela ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwama-oxide nama-sulfide ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo angaxhashazwa ngokugcwele futhi impilo yokukhathala yokuthwala insimbi ingathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Yiziphi izici ezizothinta impilo yokukhathala yokuthwala insimbi? Izinkinga ezingenhla zihlaziywa kanje:
1. Umphumela we-nitrides empilweni yokukhathala
Ezinye izazi ziye zaveza ukuthi lapho i-nitrogen yenezelwa ensimbi, ingxenye yevolumu ye-nitride iyancipha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwesilinganiso sobukhulu bokufakwa ensimbi. Kukhawulelwe ubuchwepheshe, kusekhona inombolo enkulu yezinhlayiya ezifakiwe ezincane kuno-0.2 in. zibaliwe. Ikhona kanye ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlayiya ezincane ze-nitride ezinomthelela oqondile empilweni yokukhathala kokuthwala insimbi. I-Ti ingenye yezakhi eziqine kakhulu zokwakha ama-nitrides. Inamandla adonsela phansi amancane futhi kulula ukuntanta. Ingxenye ye-Ti isala ensimbi ukuze yenze ama-multi-angular inclusions. Ukufakwa okunjalo kungenzeka kubangele ukugxila kwengcindezi yendawo kanye nokuqhekeka kokukhathala, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukulawula ukuvela kokufakwa okunjalo.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ensimbi kuncishisiwe kuze kube ngaphansi kwe-20ppm, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kuyanda, ubukhulu, uhlobo nokusabalalisa okungenayo okungenayo insimbi kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ukufakwa okuzinzile kuncishiswa kakhulu. Nakuba izinhlayiya ze-nitride ekukhuleni kwensimbi, izinhlayiya zincane kakhulu futhi zisakazwa esimweni esihlakazekile emngceleni wokusanhlamvu noma ngaphakathi kokusanhlamvu, okuba yisici esihle, ukuze amandla nokuqina kwensimbi ethwalayo kuhambisane kahle, futhi ubulukhuni namandla ensimbi kwanda kakhulu. , ikakhulukazi umphumela wokuthuthukisa impilo yokukhathala othintana naye kuwumgomo.
2. Umphumela wama-oxide empilweni yokukhathala
Okuqukethwe komoyampilo ensimbi kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta impahla. Ukuncipha kokuqukethwe komoyampilo, kuyanda ubumsulwa kanye nempilo elinganiselwe ehambisanayo ibe yinde. Kunobudlelwane obuseduze phakathi kokuqukethwe komoyampilo ensimbi nama-oxides. Phakathi nenqubo yokuqiniswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe we-aluminium, i-calcium, i-silicon nezinye izakhi zakha ama-oxide. Okuqukethwe okufakiwe kwe-oxide kuwumsebenzi womoya-mpilo. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kuncipha, i-oxide inclusions izokwehla; okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kuyafana nokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen, futhi futhi kunobudlelwane obusebenzayo ne-nitride, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-oxide ihlakazeke kakhulu ensimbi, idlala indima efanayo ne-fulcrum ye-carbide. , ngakho-ke ayinawo umphumela olimazayo empilweni yokukhathala yensimbi.
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-oxides, insimbi ibhubhisa ukuqhubeka kwe-matrix yensimbi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-coefficient yokwandisa yama-oxides incane kune-coefficient yokwandisa ye-bearing steel matrix, uma ingaphansi kwengcindezi eshintshanayo, kulula ukukhiqiza ukugxila kwengcindezi futhi umsuka wokukhathala kwensimbi. Iningi lokugxila kokucindezeleka kwenzeka phakathi kwama-oxides, ama-point inclusions kanye ne-matrix. Lapho ukucindezeleka kufinyelela inani elikhulu ngokwanele, ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka, okuzokhula ngokushesha futhi kubhubhise. I-plasticity ephansi ye-inclusions kanye nesimo esibukhali, kukhulu ukugxila kokucindezeleka.
3. Umphumela we-sulfide empilweni yokukhathala
Cishe zonke izibabule ensimbi zikhona ngesimo sama-sulfide. Ukuphakama kwesibabule ensimbi, kuphakama i-sulfide ensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-sulfide ingazungezwa kahle yi-oxide, ithonya le-oxide empilweni yokukhathala liyancipha, ngakho-ke ithonya lenani lokufakwa empilweni yokukhathala alikho Ngokuphelele, elihlobene nemvelo, ubukhulu nokusabalalisa okufakiwe. Lapho kuba khona ukufakwa okuthile okwengeziwe, impilo yokukhathala kufanele ibe phansi, nezinye izici ezinomthelela kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Ekuthwaleni insimbi, ama-sulfide ahlakazeka futhi asakazwe ngendlela enhle, futhi ahlanganiswe ne-oxide inclusions, okunzima ukuyibona ngisho nangezindlela ze-metallographic. Ukuhlola kuqinisekisile ukuthi ngesisekelo senqubo yokuqala, ukwandisa inani le-Al kunomphumela omuhle ekunciphiseni ama-oxide nama-sulfide. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Ca inekhono eliqinile le-desulfurization. Ukufakwa kunomthelela omncane emandleni, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu ekuqineni kwensimbi, futhi izinga lomonakalo lincike emandleni ensimbi.
U-Xiao Jimei, uchwepheshe owaziwayo, waveza ukuthi ukufakwa ensimbi kuyisigaba esiphukayo, ukuphakama kwengxenye yevolumu, ukuqina okuphansi; usayizi omkhulu wezinto ezifakiwe, ukuqina kwehla ngokushesha. Ngokuqina kokuqhekeka kwe-cleavage, ubukhulu obuncane be-inclusions kanye nokuncane kwesikhala se-inclusions, ukuqina akugcini nje ukunciphisa, kodwa kuyanda. Ukuphuka kwe-cleavage mancane amathuba okuthi kwenzeke, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla okuphuka kwe-cleavage. Othile wenze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: amaqoqo amabili ensimbi A no-B ayingxenye yensimbi efanayo, kodwa okufakiwe okuqukethwe ngayinye kuhlukile.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, amaqoqo amabili ezinsimbi A no-B afinyelela kumandla afanayo okudonsa angama-95 kg/mm', futhi amandla esivuno ezinsimbi A no-B ayefana. Mayelana nokwelulwa nokwehliswa kwendawo, insimbi engu-B ingaphansi kancane kunensimbi engu-A isafaneleka. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokukhathala (ukugoba okujikelezayo), kutholakala ukuthi: Insimbi iyimpahla yesikhathi eside enomkhawulo omkhulu wokukhathala; I-B iyimpahla yempilo emfushane enomkhawulo ophansi wokukhathala. Uma ingcindezi yomjikelezo wesampula yensimbi ingaphezulu kancane kunomkhawulo wokukhathala wensimbi engu-A, impilo yensimbi engu-B ingu-1/10 kuphela wensimbi engu-A. Izinto ezifakwa ensimbi A no-B zingama-oxide. Ngokuphathelene nenani eliphelele lokufakiwe, ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi A kubi kakhulu kunensimbi B, kodwa izinhlayiya ze-oxide zensimbi A zinobukhulu obufanayo futhi zisakazwa ngokulinganayo; insimbi B iqukethe izinto ezihlanganisa izinhlayiya ezinkulu, futhi ukusatshalaliswa akufani. . Lokhu kukhombisa ngokugcwele ukuthi umbono kaMnu. Xiao Jimei ulungile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2022